Political Parties : Where They Derive Funding

Political life in Cameroon is now progressively being enlivened from the somewhat period of recess that came after the hustle and bustle of the twin election of municipal councillors and Members of National Assembly of February 9, 2020 and the first-ever election of Regional Councillors on December 6, 2020.
Many political parties have made a balance sheet of their performance in the said elections and most of them have embarked on the head count of their militants, and organising elective congresses and conventions in order to inject new blood and invigorate the parties in preparation for future elections. After doing a head count of its militants, the ruling Cameroon People’s Democratic Movement (CPDM) from August 7, 2021 to September 30, 2021 carried out the operation to renew the executive of its basic organs. The opposition Social Democratic Front (SDF) has also started the operation to renew the executives of its basic organs that will culminate in the elective convention in 2023. The Cameroon Democratic Union (CDU) on October 28-29, 2021 held its elective convention in Yaounde, the Union des populations du Cameroun (UPC) recently held its elective congress, while the National Union for Democracy and Progress (NUDP) is bracing up for its elective congress in February 2022.
All these activities as well as participation in elections, other events in national life and daily running of the parties require steady funding. Here comes in the question on how the political parties derive their funding.  Law No.90/056 of 19 December 1990 relating to the creation of political parties with regards to sources of finances in Section 12 states that the parties can fix contributions by its members and Section 13 states that they can receive gifts and bequests in property exclusively from their members who are based in Cameroon.
Law No.2012/001 of 10 April 2012 relati...